I love this topic as much as I hate it. It encompasses several issues:
- Food supply
- Animal conditions
- Entitlement
- Understanding of the circle of life
I have to agree with CTF: I don't think factory and commercial animals or farms are a requirement to feed this world. The earth works on, what I call, exponential quantities, or when humans do it, exponential farming. The premise of exponential farming is simple: The more food we consume, the more food-offspring (seed) is produced.
I love to use the Spaghetti squash example. Sit down, this is lots of numbers. Remember those word problems in school? If a train is travelling at this and another at this blah blah blah, well, here it is again.
One vine produced 19 full sized fruits for me several years ago, though I average 5 or so fruits a plant now. One Spaghetti squash, when I’m being picky for shape and size of seeds, will usually give me 80 ‘perfect’ seeds. Lets begin.
Typical germination rates for well-stored seed are usually over 90% (often hovering around 98%), however we’re going to use a 65% germination rate, to prove a point as well as to account for crop loss, bad seed, flood and so on. Ready?
65% of 80 seeds leaves 52 viable seeds. We’ll say that of these 52 seeds, 75% of those grow to full term (39 plants). Despite my experience, we will say that each Spaghetti squash vine produces only 2 fruit (78 fruit). 78 Fruit, yielding 80 perfect seeds, of which only 52 are viable, 75% of which grow to full term, you get the following information:
78 fruit x 80 seeds = 6240 seeds
6240 seeds at 75% maturation = 4680 plants
4680 plants x 2 fruit = 9360 fruit.
So year two we we start with 9360 fruit. Watch this:
9360 fruit x 80 seeds = 748,800 seeds
748,800 seeds at 75% maturation = 561,600 plants
561,600 plants x 2 fruit = 1,123,200 fruit.
Year 3:
1,123,200 fruit x 80 seeds = 89,856,000 seeds
89,856,000 seeds at 75% maturation = 67,392,000 plants
67,392,000 plants x 2 fruit = 134,784,000 fruit.
Year 4:
134,784,000 fruit x 80 seeds = 10,782,720,000 seeds
10,782,720,000 seeds at 75% maturation = 8,087,040,000 plants
8,087,040,000 plants x 2 fruit = 16,174,080,000 fruit.
Billions of fruit in 4 years, BILLIONS. Intensively plant this with corn, beans and/or peas and your yields are
exponential. Throw in leafy vegetables like lettuce, spinach and kale, all of which companion each other out and you have created a system that promotes the growth of 5+ different types of edibles in a single area. This entirely avoids mono-culture, creates jobs, handles pests and weeds, doesn't require spraying and is ENTIRELY sustainable. One could go as far as running ducks, chickens or geese in these fields filled with produce.
This model, too, is applicable to the production of animals on a back yard scale. Up until, really, the last 100 years, the majority of people ran a few birds and had a family cow, and darn near everyone had a garden that fed their family. Even a low producing hen at 100 eggs a year produces enough offspring and produce (eggs) to feed a family of 2. One hen, and all you need is one rooster.
Think about it: Even if we assume half the eggs are either eaten or not viable, that still leaves you with 50 offspring. Cull that down to 40 to failure to thrive or disease, then half that for boys and you end up with 20 hens and 20 cocks. If those 20 hens start laying in 20 weeks and produce 100 eggs a year, that's 2000 eggs. If you butcher those roosters, that's 20 birds in the freezer, plus the offal, and the bones. Bones make soup, stock and so on, so do heads and chicken feet. Liver, heart and other organs are highly nutritious foods with readily available nutrients that our bodies assimilate rather well. Expontential. This is all the same with cows and goats and pigs as well, with each animal producing a valuable byproduct (eggs, milk, and so on) to help sustain life.
Besides, weren't reports released that in the US alone, over HALF of the food produced ends up in the garbage?
That covers food supply.
Animal welfare is also covered in the above. Small, family farms are able to regulate and maintain their animals in better, friendlier, kinder conditions. Do they all? No, however the majority of those farms use cage free, free ranging methods. The quality of life, meat, and nutrient density is (love this word) exponentially increased.
Part of living life this way is the understanding of the way things work and an independence from a chemical laden food chain. Learning to work with what we have, the byproducts of our production and so on will allow us to use every part of the animal, field and left over stems in the ground and make 100% complete use of the entire circle, as the earth does within a forest. Every leaf that hits the ground feeds worms, hides bugs, turns to compost, emits nutrients.
The biggest problem we have in today's food market, in my humble opinion, is an undaunted sense of entitlement, and I'm not talking about the consumer. What I'm about to say will offend a vast majority of people. Organic/organically produced food is
overpriced. Period.
Your big time commercial farmer who farms for Big Ag is paid a wage based upon yield. They don't yield, They don't get paid. Their yield is Their worth, is Their paycheque. All of the money They put in to fuel, hiring staff, equipment, repairs, fertilizers, petrochemicals and so on, that all comes off Their end payout, whether They made Their money back or not. Why is this so different for small time organic farmers? Why do They get to factor in Their 'salary' based on an hourly wage?
For $250, I can buy enough carrot seed to (already accounting for losses) start a 4 acre, mono-culture carrot farm. If I do that, it's all me. I have nothing put into it but the days spent hoeing the ground, tilling, pulling up weeds and so on. Lets say, to purchase or rent equipment is $1000, I'm currently into my 4 acre farm for $1250. Everything's planted, I walk the fields daily after my in-city job (even if you don't have one, that's irrelevant), and spend an additional 3 hours a night tending the acres of planted carrots doing something I enjoy, as a business. Come harvest time, I'm up until the wee hours of the evening, plugging away, spending countless hours out, losing immeasurable amounts of sleep.
4 acres of carrots will give you approximately 60,000 carrots when planted intensively. Bundles of 6 'fresh', top-on carrots go for $2.50 cents at Super Store, non-organic. That's 10,000 bundles or $25,000.00. You are ACTUALLY into this project for $1250, leaving you with $23,750 profit. At commercial prices. Even if I were to push this one step further and pay for my acres, I'm still waaaay in the green. Where I live, we're looking at $400 an acre, but lets just bump that up to $1200 an acre so I'm more regionally on the high end, I'm still at a profit of $18,950. My first year. First. Year. Selling at commercial prices. Now if I start calculating for my hourly wage times days times weeks, suddenly I'm in the hole. However, really, my wage is my profit divided by hours, not hours times rate.
If you were smart, which many people are who do this on a small scale, you would plug in a second carrot crop, lettuce or onion seed when you pull up your first harvest. You would get a second yield and then plant down another batch of carrots, which would come up earlier the next year, possibly allowing you to get 3 full harvests off your intensively managed organic land. Even multiplying your above mentioned profit, sans $1200x4 for your acreage AGAIN, to cover extra costs, twice over to show 2 yields, on the low end, at the 'commercial' prices, that's $37,900 in profit.
If you sell at 'commercial' prices, which in my humble opinion are where organic prices should be (commercial should be HALF what it is now), then you could market to MORE consumers who would be able to buy MORE goods and you would have a larger customer base, less waste and so on.
This incredulous sense of entitlement to make more than or the same as the guy who's farming 15 quarters, paying for large equipment, doing mono culture, having to pay for pesticides and so on just flabbergasts me, and I think the organic market is the death of itself.
That's my take on it.